Urban transport is at the heart of cities’ concerns. Congestion, pollution, and inefficiency of networks directly impact the economy, environment, and quality of life. But what are the causes of these recurring problems?
1️) Population Explosion and Rapid
Urbanization According to the UN, 68% of the world’s population will live in urban areas by 2050. This urbanization leads to a massive increase in the number of vehicles. In Paris, 1.3 million cars circulate daily, generating traffic jams. In Mexico City, a resident loses 227 hours per year in traffic (INRIX, 2023).
2️) Inadequate and Aging Infrastructure
In many cities, infrastructures have not kept up with urban growth. Roads are saturated, and public transportation is no longer sufficient. For example: New York, where the subway, inaugurated in 1904, struggles to meet the needs of 5.5 million daily passengers.
3️) Excessive Dependence on the Private
Car In some cities, the car remains the dominant mode of transportation. In the United States, 76% of workers use it, compared to 15% in Europe. The result? More congestion and an alarming carbon footprint.
4️) Lack of Intermodality and Planning
Cities suffer from a lack of efficient connections between buses, trains, bicycles, scooters, etc. For example: in São Paulo, public transportation does not effectively cover peripheral neighborhoods, pushing millions of people to use cars.
5️) Underinvestment in Public Transport
Many networks are underfunded, leading to lack of maintenance, frequent breakdowns, and insufficient service. In London, despite a well-functioning network, the subway ridership has dropped by 15% in recent years due to high fares and congestion during peak hours.
What are the solutions?
• Promote public transport and suitable infrastructure: Copenhagen reduced car traffic by 35% in 10 years thanks to bicycles.
• Develop smart mobility policies (carpooling, traffic restrictions): Singapore reduced traffic by 24% thanks to urban tolls.
• Encourage sustainable mobility: More than 500 cities are testing electric buses and autonomous trams to reduce pollution.
